Modern human skeletal biology needs to move beyond the strict male/female binary, scientists argue

Human skeletal biologists traditionally provide sex estimations as part of establishing biological profiles (skeletal sex, age-at-death, stature, ancestry/population affinity) for skeletonized remains, often using the shapes and sizes of the pelvis, long bones and skull, among other bones in the body. While analytical methods portray skeletal sex differences as almost purely binary (female or male), a person's sex—including hormones, genetics, external anatomy, internal anatomy and the skeleton—can be more varied than either female or male.