A last dance before death: Binary stars and the origins of interacting supernovae

When massive stars die, they unleash some of the most powerful explosions in the universe. Yet not all supernovae are created equal. Some continue to shine brightly for months or even years as their expanding debris crashes into dense clouds of gas surrounding the star. These spectacular events, known as interacting supernovae, have puzzled astronomers for decades because the origin of this mysterious material has remained unclear.