Tiny marine animal reveals bacterial origin of animal defense mechanisms

Marine animals, such as the extremely simple flatworm Trichoplax, are ideal model organisms for studying the early evolutionary origins of animal life processes. Despite measuring only a few millimeters and lacking true organs or nervous system, this animal interacts effectively with bacteria. A highly efficient enzyme, goose-type lysozyme (PLys, GH23), plays a key role in this process. Trichoplax uses this enzyme specifically during digestion to degrade bacterial cell walls and neutralize ingested bacteria.