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Not all gigs are equal: Informal self-employment linked to lower pay, poorer health and instability
- February 11, 2026 at 5:11 PM
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Not all self-employment guarantees financial security, with informal arrangements posing the greatest risks to well-being for many workers. Using machine learning to classify self-employment, a new University of Michigan study analyzed narrative job descriptions from the 2003–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a longitudinal dataset with approximately 10,000 U.S. families.
Originally published at Phys.org